Tuning gastropod locomotion: Modeling the influence of mucus rheology on the cost of crawling

Common gastropods such as snails crawl on a solid substrate by propagating muscular waves of shear stress on a viscoelastic mucus. Producing the mucus accounts for the largest component in the gastropod's energy budget, more than twenty times the amount of mechanical work used in crawling. Using a simple mechanical model, we show that the shear-thinning properties of the mucus favor a decrease in the amount of mucus necessary for crawling, thereby decreasing the overall energetic cost of locomotion.Comment: Corrected typo

A characterization of parallel systems

technical reporta taxonomy for parallel processing systems is presented which has some advantages over previous taxonomies. The taxonomy characterizes parallel processing systems using four parameters: topology, communication, granularity, and operation. These parameters and used repetitively in a hierarchical fashion to produce a taxonomic structure which is extensible to the level of detail desired. Topology describes the structure of the priniciple interconnections. Communication describes the flow of data and programs through the system. Granularity describes the size of the largest repeated element, or grain. Operation describes the important functional properties of each grain, especially the ratio of storage to logic circuitry. Granularity and topology are structural parameters, while operation and communication are functional parameters which describe the behavior of the system components. A final section of this paper includes examples of the application of the taxonomy to several parallel processing systems

Enhanced aging properties of HKUST-1 in hydrophobic mixed-matrix membranes for ammonia adsorption.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in their free powder form have exhibited superior capacities for many gases when compared to other materials, due to their tailorable functionality and high surface areas. Specifically, the MOF HKUST-1 binds small Lewis bases, such as ammonia, with its coordinatively unsaturated copper sites. We describe here the use of HKUST-1 in mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) prepared from polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) for the removal of ammonia gas. These MMMs exhibit ammonia capacities similar to their hypothetical capacities based on the weight percent of HKUST-1 in each MMM. HKUST-1 in its powder form is unstable toward humid conditions; however, upon exposure to humid environments for prolonged periods of time, the HKUST-1 MMMs exhibit outstanding structural stability, and maintain their ammonia capacity. Overall, this study has achieved all of the critical and combined elements for real-world applications of MOFs: high MOF loadings, fully accessible MOF surfaces, enhanced MOF stabilization, recyclability, mechanical stability, and processability. This study is a critical step in advancing MOFs to a stable, usable, and enabling technology

Everybody needs sphingolipids, right!:Mining for new drug targets in protozoan sphingolipid biosynthesis

Sphingolipids (SLs) are an integral part of all eukaryotic cellular membranes. In addition, they have indispensable functions as signalling molecules controlling a myriad of cellular events. Disruption of either the de novo synthesis or the degradation pathways has been shown to have detrimental effects. The earlier identification of selective inhibitors of fungal SL biosynthesis promised potent broad-spectrum anti-fungal agents, which later encouraged testing some of those agents against protozoan parasites. In this review we focus on the key enzymes of the SL de novo biosynthetic pathway in protozoan parasites of the Apicomplexa and Kinetoplastidae, outlining the divergence and interconnection between host and pathogen metabolism. The druggability of the SL biosynthesis is considered, alongside recent technology advances that will enable the dissection and analyses of this pathway in the parasitic protozoa. The future impact of these advances for the development of new therapeutics for both globally threatening and neglected infectious diseases is potentially profound.<br/

Efisiensi Produksi Peternakan Ayam Pedaging Riski Jaya Abadi Kebumen Ditinjau Dari Efisiensi Manajemen,teknis Dan Ekonomis (Production Efficiency of Riski Jaya Abadi Broiler Farm at Kebumen Regency Sighted From Management Efficiency, Technical Efficiency,

Research aims to measure maximallyeconomic efficiency and technical efficiency of Riski Jaya Abadi Broiler Farm, prescriptive factor and gives that solution is attained efficiency which maximal. Research is done in July – August 2014 at Riski's Riski Jaya Abadi Broiler Farm with observation method. Data that is gotten is recording's data ranch 30 preserve period and willbe analyzed with frontier to determine efficiency point. Result of this research is Riski Jaya Abadi Broiler Farm was enough efficient in their managerial. Factor to determine efficiency level is production cost, quality and amount of each production and management factor to get expected result

Pemilihan Parameter Pre Treatment Pada Proses Pengawetan Bambu Leminasi

Bambu merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam Non-Hutan yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu kelemahan bahan baku bambu adalah tingkat keawetan alami yang rendah sehingga rentan terhadap organisme Perusak seprti kumbang bubuk dan rayap. Pemanfaatan bahan insektisida organik daun mimba merupakan salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan keawetan bambu sebagai bahan baku produk mebel yang ramah lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun mimba dan mendapatkan konsentrasi ekstrak yang optimal dalam pengawetan bambu. Model penelitian yang dilakukan metode Desain Eksperimen Faktorial untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak dan lama perendaman bambu dalam proses pengawetan untuk meningkatkan keawetan bambu dari serangan organisme Perusak. Daun mimba segar dicampurkan dengan air untuk menghasilkan variabel konsentrasi 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 500 gram/liter. Pada penelitian ini, bambu direndam dalam larutan konsentrasi ekstrak mimba dengan lama perendaman 30 menit dan 60 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan berat bambu yang signifikan terjadi pada pengawetan bambu dengan konsentrasi ekstrak mimba 20% ( 200 gram/liter) selama 30 menit. Pada konsentrasi ekstrak 20%, sampel bambu mengalami pengurangan berat bambu akibat serangan rayap tanah sebesar 21,55%. Pengawetan bambu yang efektif dapat dilakukan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak mimba 30%. Kata Kunci: mebel, bambu, pengawetan, ekstrak mimba, desain eksperimen faktorial Bamboo is one of the natural resources of trees is widely used by Indonesian society. A disadvantage of raw bamboo islow level of durability, so making it vulnerable to destructive organisms such as beetles and termites powder. Utilization of organic insecticide neem leaf is one solution to improve the durability of bamboo as raw material for furniture products that are environmentally friendly. This research objective was to determine the effect of extracts of neem leaf extract and obtain the optimal concentration in the preservation of bamboo. Model used in this research is Design of Experiments Factorial to determine the effect of extract concentration and long soaking the bamboo in the process preservation to improve the durability of bamboo for the organism attack destroyer. Fresh neem leaves are mixed with water to produce variable concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 grams / liter. In this research, bamboo is soaked in concentration of neem extract with a long soaking 30 minutes and 60 minutes. The result of experiment showed that significant weight reduction occurred in bamboo bamboo preservation with 20% concentration of neem extract (200 grams / liter) for 30 minutes. At a concentration of extract 20% , samples of bamboo had a weight reduction as a result termite attack for 21.55%. Preservation of bamboo that can effectively be done with a 30% concentration of neem extract

Evaluasi Emergency Respons Plan Pada Kapal 42m Crew Boat Berdasarkan Imo Interim Guidilines

Emergency situations that have tendency or potential harm can be happened any time and any where and carry some big damaging impacts to property damages, mental disturbances, injured and died victims. In shipping, emergencies can be happened in both at anchor or while doing loading and unloading activities at the port. The type of equipments used in emergency situations set out in SOLAS Chapter III (Life Saving Appliance) and the guidelines for evacuation analysis on passenger ships refer to the IMO Guidelines Interm MSC/Circ.909. This study aimed to determine the muster station and evacuation time on the ship 42 M crewboats with a capacity of 101passengers. This ship consists of three parts of decks, these are lower part, main deck and bridge deck. The results showed that the placement of muster station is on the bridge deck with required wide 35.35 m2. Evacuation time need by the all passengers to reach the muster station on the bridge deck is 51.59 minutes, and this is in accordance with standard evacuation time (not more than 60 minutes)

Quaternary faulting in the New Madrid seismic zone in southernmost Illinois

U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Award No. 1434-95-G-2525Ope

Kajian Refraksi-Difraksi Dan Transformasi Penjalaran Gelombang Laut Di Perairan Pantai Tapak Paderi Kota Bengkulu

Pantai Tapak Paderi Kota Bengkulu merupakan pantai yang telah beralih fungsi dari kawasan pelabuhan menjadi kawasan pantai wisata akibat kurangnya informasi terkait penjalaran gelombang laut di perairannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi transformasi penjalaran gelombang terkait refraksi dan difraksi gelombang di perairan Tapak Paderi Kota Bengkulu berdasarkan jalur pengamatan. Proses pengolahan data terdiri dari konversi gelombang per musim dari data angin 10 tahun dan proses model simulasi penjalaran gelombang menggunakan BOUSS2D dari program Surface Water Modeling System 11. Hasil pengukuran lapangan selama tiga hari di perairan Tapak Paderi menghasilkan tinggi signifikan 1,6 m dan periode signifikan 7,75 s. Hasil konversi angin menggunakan metode SMB mengasilkan resume data gelombang per musim selama sepuluh tahun. Gelombang signifikan tertinggi di perairan Tapak Paderi terjadi pada musim Timur dan peralihan II, masing-masing memiliki tinggi signifikan 2,23 m dan 2,0 m dengan periode signifikan 7,12 s dan 7,0. Gelombang di perairan Tapak Paderi memiliki dua arah datang dominan, yakni gelombang datang dari kelompok fetch barat laut dan kelompok fetch selatan. Hasil analisis simulasi model berdasarkan jalur pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa gelombang mengalami refraksi di jalur pengamatan 1, mengalami difraksi setelah adanya Gosong Patasembilan di jalur pengamatan 2, mengalami difraksi setelah adanya anak Gosong Patasembilan dan konvergensi gelombang pada Tanjung Pantai Tapak Paderi di jalur pengamatan 3, mengalami konvergensi pada daerah tanjung dan divergensi pada daerah teluk di jalur pengamatan 4. Sedangkan untuk tinggi gelombang terendah sebesar 0,29 m terjadi pada musim peralihan II pada titik pengamatan di belakang ujung bangunan pantai Tapak Paderi